The remaining 27 couples described individual pregnancy decision-making processes; many respondents reported intentions that aligned with their partner's by happenstance, despite some respondents having avoided communicating their desires to their partner. Some of these couples faced relationship difficulties, including poor communication, leading some participants to misinterpret or be unaware of their partner's pregnancy intentions and desires. CONCLUSIONS The relationship context is important in the formulation of prospective pregnancy intentions among young people. Counseling protocols, interventions and policies that attend to the complex factors that influence young couples' pregnancy decision making are needed to better help couples attain their reproductive goals. Copyright © 2020 by the Guttmacher Institute.OBJECTIVE To describe academic rank, gender, surgical career length, and publication record of academic veterinary surgeons and to estimate the association between gender and higher academic rank. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE Residency-trained surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019. METHODS Surgeons were identified via institutional websites. Data including surgeon gender, academic title, and year of board certification were collected from public resources. Publication record was measured by using author h-indices obtained from Scopus. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Three hundred eighteen surgeons were identified from 30 institutions, including 162 (51%) women and 156 (49%) men. Women represented 66% of instructors and assistant professors, and men represented 60% of associate and full professors. This distribution differed significantly (P less then .001). Author h-index was associated with career length but not gender. Men were 2.5 times more likely than women to be associate or full professors (odds ratio 2.52, 95% CI 1.03-6.14, P = .042) after adjustment for career length and h-index. CONCLUSION Female surgery faculty at US veterinary schools in 2019 were concentrated in lower academic ranks and were less likely than male surgery faculty to be associate or full professors after adjustment for career length and publication record. IMPACT A gender gap exists in academic veterinary surgery in the United States. It is critical to recognize that women's increasing participation in veterinary medicine has not been matched by equal representation in all areas. Additional efforts are warranted to identify contributing factors and implement strategies to improve gender inclusion. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.BACKGROUND Risk factors and timing associated with disease progression and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood. AIMS To evaluate the impact of disease severity, demographics and comorbidities on risk of mortality and time to progression in a large, real-world cohort of diagnosed NAFLD patients. METHODS Claims data from a 20% Medicare representative sample between 2007 and 2015 were analysed retrospectively. Adults were categorised into disease severity groups NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) alone, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant or hepatocellular carcinoma. Cumulative incidence of mortality and disease progression were calculated for each group and multivariate analyses performed adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and disease severity. RESULTS A total of 10&nbsp;826&nbsp;456, patients were assessed and the prevalence of NAFLD was 5.7% (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;621&nbsp;253). Among patients with NAFLD, 71.1% had NAFLD/NASH alone and 28.9% had NAFLD cirrhosis. Overall, 85.5% of patients had hypertension, 84.1% dyslipidemia, 68.7% had cardiovascular disease and 55.5% diabetes. The cumulative risk of progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis, and compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis was 39% and 45%, respectively, over 8 years of follow-up. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kya1797k.html The independent predictors of progression included cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, dyslipidemia and diabetes. The cumulative risk of mortality for NAFLD, NAFLD cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was 12.6%, 31.1%, 51.4% and 76.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present report (a) demonstrates that NAFLD is grossly underdiagnosed in real-world clinical settings and (b) provides new evidence on the progression rates of NAFLD and risk factors of mortality across the spectrum of severity of NAFLD and cirrhosis. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.Postmortem redistribution (PMR) describes artificial postmortem (PM) concentration changes of xenobiotics that may pose major challenges in forensic toxicology. Only few studies systematically investigated time-dependent PM drug concentration changes so far and a posteriori estimation of the occurrence of PMR is not possible yet. In this context, the general concept that PM biochemical changes in blood might parallel drug redistribution mechanisms seems promising. Thus, the current study investigated the possible correlations between time-dependent PM concentration changes of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds; exemplified for authentic morphine (n=19) and methadone (n=11) cases. Peripheral blood samples at two time-points PM were analyzed for morphine and methadone concentrations and an (un)targeted PM metabolomics approach was utilized to combine targeted quantitative analysis of 56 endogenous analytes and untargeted screening for endogenous compounds (characterizing 1174 features); liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used respectively. Individual statistically significant correlations between morphine/methadone and endogenous compounds/features could be determined. Hence, the general applicability of the proposed concept could successfully be confirmed. To verify reproducibility and robustness of the correlating behavior, a larger dataset must be analyzed next. Once a marker/set of markers is found (e.g. robust correlation with specific xenobiotic or xenobiotic class), this could be used as surrogates to further study time-dependent PMR in a broader variety of cases (e.g. independent of a xenobiotic drug present). A crucial next step will also be the attempt to create a statistical model that allows a posteriori estimation of PMR occurrence of xenobiotics to assist forensic toxicologists in PM case interpretation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.